Ditch All Your Loyalty Cards
By Brian WoolfSeptember 17, 2013
That was the title of an article in Slate several weeks ago. It follows the recent decision by Albertson's new management to eliminate their loyalty card program. Time for a check-up?
The author of the Slate article states that he doesn't participate in any customer loyalty program (airline, grocery, pharmacy, etc) because he doesn't think the value (economic or otherwise) offsets the inconvenience of carrying a card (or providing his phone number). He believes that loyalty card programs are "a crutch for bad businesses" and "only make sense in industries in which a company can do nothing to differentiate itself." Mind you, it's extremely hard to think of such an industry. (You can read the original article here).
Of course, the eye-catching title drew media attention. The title's smoke, however, was not supported by too much fire. Most readers, I suspect, will not be persuaded by the article's generalized arguments and shall just keep on using their grocery, drug, and department store cards, along with their gas discount and frequent flier cards. Nor do I envision it triggering retail CEOs calling executive meetings to review their loyalty programs. On the other hand, Albertson's decision to eliminate its loyalty programs might. It should, at least, prompt management to challenge its executive team with questions such as:
- What are the benefits and drawbacks of our card program?
- Can we justify its continuation?
- If we can, what changes can we make to significantly improve it?
First, What Is a Loyalty Card or Loyalty Program?
Tesco got it right in 1995 when they launched their Clubcard - note, not their "Loyalty Card". For their card is, first and foremost, an information card, not a loyalty card. Increased loyalty is a by-product of what they do with the customer information. From my perspective, card programs were introduced to provide retailers detailed customer activity data similar to what manufacturers, vendors, and other service businesses, such as banks, were already collecting. It seems that the reason the terms "Loyalty Cards" and "Loyalty Programs" keeps being used is that we know what is meant, despite the terms being inaccurate. Talking about a company's card program would be preferable.
Some Observations on Card Programs
As one who has been deeply involved with card programs for over 20 years, primarily in food retailing and similar sectors, I have seen the gamut of success. When I see a poor program I advise, "Do it right or pull out of the game." Of course, I first point out what's required to do it right. With deepening experience, I began to recognize three common characteristics among the most successful programs, regardless of country:
- Head Merchant and/or CEO
The single best indicator of success of a card program that I have consistently seen around the globe is where the Head Merchant (eg, SVP Sales) and/or the CEO are the driving force behind the program. Without that commitment, the program will provide "average" benefits, at best, to the company. (For this reason, I believe Albertson's were right to withdraw their card program. Top management obviously did not believe in its benefits to the customer and the company.)
- Integral Part of Marketing and Merchandising
Another critical success indicator is whether the program is at the center of the company's marketing and merchandising and its pricing and promotions, regardless of whether their card program is price-, points-, or gas-discount-based. The program should be evident in every circular and communication, and in every store and aisle. The program's benefits are, of course, simply an alternative to traditional price reductions; hopefully, a more appealing alternative. For this reason, among the leaders in this field, the costs of a card program are charged against the company's Gross Profit and not treated as an expense item, allowing flexible, on-going trade-offs between card-based costs and traditional price reductions.
- Analytical Bias
The third success indicator lies in the mindset of the company. Companies with an analytical bias in their culture gain a great deal more than those where that bias is weak. As a consultant, this is quickly picked up when observing how detailed a company is with its regular store and financial reporting and how effective the reporting is in causing corrective action. This, of course, is a critical characteristic as a card program is all about generating customer data so that we can see, for example, when customers start shopping with us along with their changes in frequency and spending. If we are not using such data as triggers to communicate with customers, then it's fair to ask ourselves why not? After all, the point of the program is to measure and strengthen our overall and individual customer loyalty.
It's All About Building Your Business Through More Intelligent Marketing
Just as a great author writes to entice the reader to turn the page so does a great retailer operate his business to entice each customer to return. The more customers return, the more successful the business. Customer data allows us to measure that success, to go below the surface of sales and show us what is really going on.
We have found, for example, that customer frequency is the single best driver of sales. Also, counter-intuitively, that as the typical customer's frequency increases so does his or her spending per visit and per week. It follows that programs and promotions that encourage frequency build sales. With customer activity data, we can see how our different customers respond so that we can tailor future promotions more effectively.
Building individual customer sales leads to an often-overlooked metric of future success: our customer defection rate. The more a customer spends over a quarter, or year, the less likely she is to defect. The more our offering and marketing encourages customers to increase their spending, the fewer defecting customers we need to replace meaning the stronger our sales base in the coming year. That's why card-based programs aim at building the actual numbers of their Best Customers (in food retailing defined as customers spending over $50 week). The more a retailer can increase the share of Best Customers, the stronger it is. This is illustrated in the following Defection Rate profile one might find when a food retailer starts measuring its defections:
As you can see, the more we can change our customer mix in favor of the Diamond and Rubies segments, the lower our overall defection rate will be. Customer data allows us to intelligently lower our defection rates.
Knowing what segment (above) our different customers populate, allows us to introduce economic pricing, ie, offering lower prices to our higher-spending customers, both openly and below-the-radar, such as offers to customers via email. Safeway's success in this area with its personalized offers in its just for U program is the primary reason behind their recent announcement that they will abandon weekly newspaper ads in the near future. That decision alone shows how using customer data intelligently for marketing is so powerful.
So Will A Card Program Materially Improve Your Results?
It depends. It depends on the rest of your marketing mix; such issues as the location and ambiance of your stores, your service, quality, etc. And it depends on how well you structure, execute and use the information from your program. The global leaders in card marketing have executed well, built customers and sales, and have enjoyed financial success. They couldn't imagine operating without their card program. Card marketing isn't a fifth wheel. It's a commitment to building your business by better knowing your customers. It's a strategic choice.
About the author...
Brian Woolf is a global leader in loyalty marketing and has written three definitive works on the subject, Measured Marketing: A Tool to Shape Food Store Strategy, Customer Specific Marketing, and Loyalty Marketing: The Second Act. He devotes his time to helping retailers develop, critique and strengthen their loyalty programs.
The techniques and metrics Brian Woolf has developed have become guiding principles for those operating some of the world's most successful programs. He is the President of the Retail Strategy Center, and has consulted, and spoken at conferences, in the US, Europe, Japan, and Australasia.
Prior to his total commitment to loyalty marketing, his corporate roles included Deputy Managing Director of Progressive Enterprises, a major New Zealand retailer; and Chief Financial Officer of Food Lion, a leading US food retailer. He has an M.Com. (Economics) from the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and an MBA from the Harvard Business School.